The Lake Norman Brief
Rape of Nanking
The Rape of Nanking (Nanjing Massacre), December 1937 – February 1938: chapters of the lkn-law.com collection.
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Nanking and the Road to World War II: Manchuria, Nazi Germany, Pearl Harbor and the Pattern of Massacre
How the Rape of Nanking fits the road to World War II: Japan’s war in China from 1931, why the United States…
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Memory and Denial: The “Forgotten Holocaust”
Why the Nanjing Massacre faded from Western memory, how Japanese journalists, historians and courts confronted it, how denial arose and was answered,…
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Justice: The Tokyo and Nanjing Tribunals
How the Tokyo tribunal and the Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal tried the massacre: the evidence, the findings, the law of command responsibility,…
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America and Nanking: The Panay, Magee’s Film and the Road to Pearl Harbor
How Americans in Nanjing, the sinking of USS Panay, John Magee’s smuggled film and four years of American oil and scrap iron…
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Germany in China: Advisers, John Rabe and the Axis, Before, During and After
How Germany armed and trained Chiang Kai-shek’s army in exchange for tungsten, how German businessmen and diplomats witnessed and reported the Nanjing…
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The Nanking Safety Zone: Twenty-Two Westerners and a Quarter of a Million Refugees
How a committee of missionaries, businessmen and Chinese volunteers ran a refuge of about 3.9 square kilometres for some 200,000–250,000 people through…
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The Rapes: Sexual Violence and the Women of Ginling College
How mass rape became a defining crime of the Nanjing occupation, what the 1937–38 diaries and Safety Zone records show, how Minnie…
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The Massacres: Prisoners, Men of Military Age and Civilians
The mass execution of disarmed Chinese soldiers and of men taken from the city, the killing of civilians in Nanjing and its…
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The Fall of the City: Nanjing, 9–13 December 1937
Five days from Matsui’s surrender demand to the Japanese entry: the assault on Nanjing’s gates, Tang Shengzhi’s late withdrawal order, the crush…
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From Shanghai to the Capital: The Road to Nanjing, August–December 1937
How the Battle of Shanghai, two flanking landings and an advance that Tokyo had not ordered brought two Japanese armies to the…