The Lake Norman Brief · History collections
World War II1939 – 1945
Two oceans, two theaters, one war. Drag the line between them, then scroll to turn the globe into the war map.
Left: USS Arizona, 7 Dec 1941, National Archives 195617. Right: 290th Infantry near Amonines, Belgium, Jan 1945, U.S. Army Signal Corps. Public domain; toned for this page.
One war, two theaters
The world at war1937 – 1945
Keep scrolling: the globe turns, the war spreads year by year, and the globe unrolls into the war map.
Skip the globeStart here · One war, two theaters
A war that began in Asia, spread across Europe, and ended on a battleship in Tokyo Bay.
For Americans the Second World War began on the morning of 7 December 1941. For China it had begun in July 1937, and for Poland, Britain and France in September 1939. It ended for Europe with Germany’s surrender on 7 and 8 May 1945, and for the world when Japan signed the instrument of surrender aboard USS Missouri on 2 September 1945.
This hub gathers The Lake Norman Brief’s World War II work in one place, laid out the way generations of Americans first saw the war: on a map with the Pacific on the left and Europe on the right. Every battle on the map is dated and placed; the ones with a full collection, built from the official histories with atlases, chapters and the honest numbers, are marked in brass. More are being added, theater by theater.
The war map
Every theater on one board.
Drag to pan, scroll or pinch to zoom, or jump to a theater. Move the year slider to watch the war spread from 1937 to 1945, or press play. Each marker is dated and placed at the battle’s approximate center; the brass ones open a full collection.
Shading marks the principal Axis and Allied powers on modern borders, with Austria, Korea and Taiwan shaded with the Axis power that held them; smaller Axis partners and occupied countries are not shaded. It is not a map of the front at any one date. Basemap: Natural Earth via world-atlas.
Left of the map
The Pacific Theater
From the war in China and the attack on Pearl Harbor to the island campaigns across the Central and South Pacific, the return to the Philippines, and the surrender in Tokyo Bay.
1937
- Marco Polo Bridge7 July 1937Collection
- The Flying TigersChina and Burma, 1941 – 1945Feature
1941
- Pearl Harbor7 Dec 1941Collection
- Doris Miller aboard USS West Virginia7 Dec 1941Inside collection
- The 47th Pursuit Squadron: Welch and Taylor7 Dec 1941Inside collection
- Wake Island8 – 23 Dec 1941Collection
- VMF-211’s Wildcats and the civilians8 – 23 Dec 1941Inside collection
- Bataan and CorregidorDec 1941 – 6 May 1942Collection
- ↳ Bataan Death MarchApril 1942Inside collection
1942
- Fall of Singapore8 – 15 Feb 1942In preparation
- Battle of the Java Sea27 Feb 1942In preparation
- Doolittle Raid18 Apr 1942In preparation
- Battle of the Coral Sea4 – 8 May 1942In preparation
- Battle of Midway4 – 7 Jun 1942In preparation
- Kokoda Track and Buna–GonaJul 1942 – Jan 1943In preparation
- Guadalcanal7 Aug 1942 – 9 Feb 1943In preparation
1943
- Attu11 – 30 May 1943In preparation
- Tarawa20 – 23 Nov 1943In preparation
1944
- Kwajalein31 Jan – 4 Feb 1944In preparation
- Imphal and KohimaMar – Jul 1944In preparation
- Saipan15 Jun – 9 Jul 1944In preparation
- Battle of the Philippine Sea19 – 20 Jun 1944In preparation
- Guam21 Jul – 10 Aug 1944In preparation
- Peleliu15 Sep – 27 Nov 1944In preparation
- Battle of Leyte Gulf23 – 26 Oct 1944In preparation
1945
- Manila3 Feb – 3 Mar 1945In preparation
- Iwo Jima19 Feb – 26 Mar 1945Collection
- The Navajo Code TalkersFeb – Mar 1945Inside collection
- Okinawa1 Apr – 22 Jun 1945In preparation
- Hiroshima6 Aug 1945In preparation
- Nagasaki9 Aug 1945In preparation
- Surrender in Tokyo Bay2 Sep 1945In preparation
Right of the map
The European Theater
From the invasion of Poland and the Battle of Britain to the Eastern Front, North Africa and Italy, Normandy, the Ardennes and Berlin, with the long Battle of the Atlantic behind it all.
1939
- Invasion of Poland1 Sep – 6 Oct 1939Collection
- Westerplatte1 – 7 Sep 1939Inside collection
- The Polish Post Office in Danzig1 Sep 1939Inside collection
- Wizna7 – 10 Sep 1939Inside collection
- The Pursuit Brigade over Warsaw1 – 6 Sep 1939Inside collection
- The Enigma codebreakers1932 – 1939Inside collection
- Battle of the AtlanticSep 1939 – May 1945Collection
- Task Group 22.3 captures U-5054 Jun 1944Inside collection
1940
- Fall of France and Dunkirk10 May – 25 Jun 1940In preparation
- Battle of BritainJul – Oct 1940In preparation
1941
- Operation Barbarossa22 Jun 1941In preparation
- Siege of Leningrad8 Sep 1941 – 27 Jan 1944In preparation
- Battle of MoscowOct 1941 – Jan 1942In preparation
1942
- Stalingrad23 Aug 1942 – 2 Feb 1943In preparation
- El Alamein23 Oct – 11 Nov 1942In preparation
- Operation Torch8 – 16 Nov 1942In preparation
1943
- Kasserine Pass14 – 22 Feb 1943Collection
- The 19th Engineers in the pass19 – 20 Feb 1943Inside collection
- The 9th Division artillery’s march to Thala17 – 22 Feb 1943Inside collection
- The Rangers at Sened Station12 Feb 1943Inside collection
- The 99th Fighter SquadronApr – Jul 1943Inside collection
- Kursk5 Jul – 23 Aug 1943Collection
- Prokhorovka, 12 July12 Jul 1943Inside collection
- The Normandie-Niemen groupFrom 12 Jul 1943Inside collection
- The Soviet sappers’ minefieldsApr – Jul 1943Inside collection
- Behind the front: the SS and the Einsatzgruppen1941 – 1943Inside collection
- Sicily10 Jul – 17 Aug 1943In preparation
- Ploesti raid1 Aug 1943In preparation
- Salerno9 – 16 Sep 1943In preparation
1944
- Monte Cassino17 Jan – 18 May 1944In preparation
- Anzio22 Jan – 5 Jun 1944In preparation
- D-Day and Normandy6 Jun 1944In preparation
- The Filthy ThirteenJune 1944On this page
- Operation Bagration22 Jun – 19 Aug 1944In preparation
- Operation Dragoon15 Aug 1944In preparation
- Market Garden17 – 25 Sep 1944In preparation
- Hürtgen ForestSep 1944 – Feb 1945In preparation
- Battle of the Bulge16 Dec 1944 – 25 Jan 1945Collection
- Lanzerath: the I&R Platoon holds16 Dec 1944Inside collection
- The 761st Tank Battalion at TilletJan 1945Inside collection
1945
- Remagen7 Mar 1945In preparation
- Battle of Berlin16 Apr – 2 May 1945In preparation
- Liberation of Dachau29 Apr 1945In preparation
- Surrender at Reims7 – 8 May 1945In preparation
Collections
Read a campaign from start to finish.
Each collection pairs an interactive atlas with chaptered articles, the official casualty figures explained, the Medals of Honor checked against their citations, and a guide to the places that remember the battle.
Pearl Harbor
Oahu, 7 December 1941.
Wake Island
The Central Pacific, 8 to 23 December 1941.
Bataan & Corregidor
December 1941 to May 1942, with the Bataan Death March in a dedicated collection.
The Battle of the Bulge
The Ardennes, 16 December 1944 to 25 January 1945.
Iwo Jima
The Volcano Islands, 19 February to 26 March 1945.
The Battle of the Atlantic
Convoys and U-boats, September 1939 to May 1945.
The Marco Polo Bridge
The incident of 7 July 1937 and the war it began.
The Invasion of Poland
Germany and the Soviet Union against Poland, 1 September to 6 October 1939.
Kasserine Pass
The Tunisian campaign, November 1942 to May 1943.
Kursk
Citadel, Prokhorovka and the Soviet counter-offensives, July to August 1943.
The Southern Campaign
The Revolution in the Carolina backcountry.
A collection within a campaign · April 1942
The Bataan Death March
The surrender on Bataan did not end the ordeal. Follow prisoners from Mariveles and Bagac toward San Fernando, the rail journey to Capas and the final march to Camp O’Donnell.
This dedicated collection places archival photographs beside an interactive route, eight narrative chapters, individual lives and a careful explanation of the evidence and casualty estimates.
Start with the Bataan & Corregidor campaign · Photograph gallery · Sources & further reading
Inside the campaigns · A growing collection
Special units & extraordinary stories
The people, crews and small teams inside the larger campaigns, grouped by campaign. Each story also appears in the theater timelines above, right under the campaign it belongs to.
China · 1937–1942
China and Burma · 1941–1945
The Flying Tigers: a full feature within the China story.
Four years after Marco Polo Bridge, American volunteers joined an existing Chinese struggle. Follow the original P-40 fighter group, the people who kept it flying, and the later U.S. air forces whose wider war included bombers.
Explore eight chapters, a story atlas, ten timeline milestones, named aviators and support personnel, and a gallery of archival photographs and documents. The original AVG did not fight at the bridge in 1937; this is the next part of the wider China air-war story.
Pearl HarborOahu · 7 December 1941
A sailor’s story · 7 December 1941
Doris Miller: courage beyond the Navy’s color line
Mess Attendant Second Class Doris “Dorie” Miller helped carry wounded men, among them his mortally wounded captain, across the decks of USS West Virginia, then fired an antiaircraft machine gun he had never been trained to use. In May 1942 he became the first Black sailor to receive the Navy Cross. He was lost with USS Liscome Bay in November 1943.
Read the campaign story →Pearl Harbor
Nimitz pins the Navy Cross on Miller aboard USS Enterprise, 27 May 1942. U.S. Navy photograph; public domain.
Army airmen · Oʻahu · 7 December 1941
The 47th Pursuit Squadron: two pilots who got airborne
While the main airfields burned, 2nd Lts. George Welch and Kenneth Taylor drove from Wheeler Field to the small strip at Haleiwa, took off in P-40 fighters and engaged the attackers. Both received the Distinguished Service Cross.
Read the campaign story →Pearl Harbor
2nd Lts. Kenneth M. Taylor and George S. Welch, late 1941 or early 1942. U.S. Army Air Forces photograph; public domain.
Wake Island8–23 December 1941
VMF-211 and contractor workers · December 1941
Wake’s Wildcats, and the civilians behind the defenses
Marine Fighting Squadron 211 flew twelve F4F-3 Wildcats onto Wake on 4 December 1941; the first raid four days later destroyed most of them on the ground. The survivors, patched together from wrecks, kept flying until 22 December, while civilian construction workers manned guns and dug in beside the Marines.
Read the campaign story →Wake Island
Wreckage of a VMF-211 F4F-3 Wildcat on Wake, December 1941. U.S. Navy photograph 80-G-413519, NHHC; public domain.
Battle of the Atlantic1939–1945
USS Guadalcanal’s hunter-killer group · 4 June 1944
Task Group 22.3: the sailors who brought a U-boat back
Off French West Africa, Capt. Daniel V. Gallery’s escort carrier and destroyer escorts forced U-505 to the surface. A boarding party under Lt. (j.g.) Albert David went below, closed the scuttling valves and captured the boat with its codebooks, the first enemy warship the U.S. Navy had taken on the high seas since 1815.
Read the campaign story →Battle of the Atlantic
A boarding party from USS Pillsbury secures a tow line to U-505, 4 June 1944. U.S. Navy photograph 80-G-49172, National Archives; public domain.
Iwo JimaFebruary–March 1945
Marine communications · Iwo Jima · February–March 1945
The Navajo Code Talkers: the battle carried over the radio
On Iwo Jima a message could matter as much as a weapon. Navajo Marines passed orders and reports in a code built on their own language that the enemy never broke; the 5th Marine Division’s signal officer later said six code talkers handled more than 800 messages in the first two days without an error.
Read the campaign story →Iwo Jima
Navajo code talkers Cpl. Henry Blake Jr. and PFC George H. Kirk on Bougainville, December 1943 (not Iwo Jima). U.S. Marine Corps photograph, National Archives; public domain.
Battle of the BulgeDecember 1944–January 1945
394th Infantry, 99th Division · 16 December 1944
Lanzerath: a reconnaissance platoon forced to hold
Lt. Lyle Bouck’s eighteen-man Intelligence and Reconnaissance Platoon was meant to watch and report. On the first day of the Bulge it held a ridge above Lanzerath against German paratroopers until dark, delaying the road that Kampfgruppe Peiper needed. It is often called the most decorated American platoon of the war.
Read the campaign story →Battle of the Bulge
Lt. Lyle J. Bouck Jr., 394th Infantry, 99th Infantry Division. U.S. Army portrait; public domain.
761st Tank Battalion · January 1945
The Black Panthers at Tillet: a winter battle after the relief of Bastogne
The Bulge did not end when the first relief column reached Bastogne. The 761st, the first African American tank battalion committed to combat, fought through deep snow around Tillet in early January 1945 beside the 87th Infantry Division. The battalion received the Presidential Unit Citation in 1978.
Read the campaign story →Battle of the Bulge
Light-tank crews generally identified as the 761st Tank Battalion, Coburg, 25 April 1945. U.S. Army Signal Corps, National Archives; public domain.
NormandyJune 1944
Demolition section, 506th PIR · June 1944
The Filthy Thirteen: the real unit behind a familiar legend
The Dirty Dozen is fiction. The Filthy Thirteen was the nickname of a real demolition section of the 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division, whose Normandy mission involved bridges near the Douve River.
Read the story below ↓Normandy
Pvt. Clarence C. Ware applies “war paint” to Pvt. Charles R. Plaudo in England before D-Day, June 1944. The National Archives caption does not name the unit; later histories identify both men as members of the Filthy Thirteen. U.S. Army Signal Corps, National Archives (NAID 5957435); public domain.
Invasion of Poland · 19391 September–6 October 1939 · New collection
Westerplatte, Danzig · 1–7 September 1939
The Westerplatte garrison: seven days instead of twelve hours
Quietly built up from a treaty limit of 88 men to at least 208 soldiers and staff, the guard of the Polish Military Transit Depot was asked, by most accounts, to hold for about twelve hours against a battleship, naval infantry and dive bombers. It held for seven days; the museum lists 15 soldiers killed.
Read the chapter →Invasion of Poland
Captured officers of the garrison, among them Capt. Franciszek Dąbrowski, 7 September 1939. Photographer unknown; muzeum1939.pl, via Wikimedia Commons; public domain.
Polish Post Office, Danzig · 1 September 1939
The Polish Post Office: postal workers who held for a day
About 56 to 58 clerks, postmen and reservists under a reserve engineer officer, Konrad Guderski, were asked to hold for six hours and held for most of a day, until gasoline was pumped into the basement and set alight. Thirty-eight were shot after an unlawful court-martial on 5 October 1939; a German court annulled the sentences in 1998.
Read the chapter →Invasion of Poland
Defenders of the Polish Post Office in Danzig, 1939, as captioned in Szymon Datner, Zbrodnie Wehrmachtu na jeńcach wojennych (1961). Photographer unknown; via Wikimedia Commons; public domain.
Wizna, on the Narew · 7–10 September 1939
Wizna: Raginis’s bunkers against Guderian’s corps
Capt. Władysław Raginis’s 350 to 720 men, by different counts, in a dozen or more concrete works, some unfinished, held the Narew crossings against the leading units of Guderian’s XIX Corps from 7 September until about midday on 10 September. The last bunkers surrendered on his order; Raginis did not survive.
Read the chapter →Invasion of Poland
The bridge at Wizna destroyed by the Poles; German photograph, September 1939. National Library of Poland (Polona), via Wikimedia Commons; public domain.
Over Warsaw · 1–6 September 1939
The Pursuit Brigade: Warsaw’s fighter shield
Col. Stefan Pawlikowski’s 54 PZL fighters met three German raids on the capital on the first day. In six days over Warsaw they were credited with 42 German aircraft for the loss of 38 of their own, and many of the pilots later flew with No. 303 Squadron in the Battle of Britain.
Read the chapter →Invasion of Poland
PZL P.11a fighters of the 113th Fighter Escadrille, which flew with the Pursuit Brigade; published May 1939. Ilustrowany Kuryer Codzienny, via Wikimedia Commons; public domain.
The Cipher Bureau, Warsaw and Pyry · 1932–1939
The Enigma breakers: three mathematicians and a secret
Marian Rejewski, Jerzy Różycki and Henryk Zygalski of the Polish General Staff’s Cipher Bureau were reading German Enigma traffic from the end of 1932. On 25–26 July 1939, at Pyry outside Warsaw, Poland gave its methods and replica machines to Britain and France.
Read the chapter →Invasion of Poland
Marian Rejewski as a second lieutenant of signals, photographed in 1943 or 1944. Photographer not named; via Wikimedia Commons; public domain.
Tallinn to Rosyth · September–October 1939
The crew of ORP Orzeł: an escape across the Baltic
Interned at Tallinn and stripped of charts and most of her weapons, the submarine broke out on 18 September, crossed a Baltic patrolled by the Germans and the Danish straits with hand-drawn charts, and reached Rosyth on 14 October. She was lost with all hands in May or June 1940.
Read the chapter →Invasion of Poland
ORP Orzeł at Rosyth in 1940, after her escape. Photographer unknown; via Wikimedia Commons; public domain.
Kasserine Pass · 1943November 1942–May 1943 · New collection
Kasserine Pass · 19–20 February 1943
The 19th Engineers: road builders who held the pass
An engineer combat regiment trained to build roads and airfields laid the minefields in the Kasserine Pass and held its southwestern half through 19 February, stopping the first German tank attack at its mines, until its command post was overrun around noon on 20 February. It reported 11 killed, 28 wounded and 89 missing.
Read the chapter →Kasserine Pass
An advance echelon of American engineers in the Kasserine area, 26 February 1943. U.S. Army Signal Corps, SC 170124; via Wikimedia Commons; public domain.
Djebel Semmama · 19–20 February 1943
The 1st Battalion, 26th Infantry, on the north side of the pass
The “Blue Spaders” of the 1st Infantry Division held the Thala road and the slopes of Djebel Semmama, the side the Germans climbed on the night of 19–20 February. Company A was cut off on Hill 1191; the battalion reported 6 killed, 35 wounded and 119 missing in the pass.
Read the chapter →Kasserine Pass
The 2nd Battalion, 16th Infantry, of the same division, marches through the pass after it was retaken, 26 February 1943. U.S. Army Signal Corps, SC 170121; via Wikimedia Commons; public domain.
Tlemcen to Thala · 17–22 February 1943
The 9th Division artillery: some 800 miles to Thala
Ordered east from near Tlemcen in western Algeria on 17 February, the 9th Infantry Division Artillery drove 735 to more than 800 miles, by different counts, in about four days, put 48 howitzers into position behind Thala in the dark and fired through 22 February beside the British guns. That day the German command decided to withdraw.
Read the chapter →Kasserine Pass
A German Panzer IV knocked out by American artillery fire in the Kasserine Pass, February 1943. U.S. Army Signal Corps, SC 170099; via Wikimedia Commons; public domain.
Sidi Bou Zid · 14–17 February 1943
The 168th Infantry: Iowa Guardsmen on the hills
Small-town Iowans of the 34th “Red Bull” Division were posted on Djebel Lessouda, Djebel Ksaïra and Garet Hadid, ordered to hold, and cut off when two panzer divisions came through the Faïd Pass. Ordered out too late, about 1,400 men, among them Col. Thomas D. Drake, were captured on the plain on 17 February.
Read the chapter →Kasserine Pass
American soldiers with a half-track and a 37 mm gun near Sidi Bou Zid, 14 February 1943; the unit is not recorded. U.S. Army Signal Corps, SC 170131; via Wikimedia Commons; public domain.
Arzew and Sened Station · 1942–1943
The 1st Ranger Battalion: Darby’s raiders
Raised in Northern Ireland in June 1942 on the British commando model, the Army’s first Ranger battalion took the coastal batteries at Arzew on the first morning of Torch and, at 01:00 on 12 February 1943, raided the Italian post at Sened Station under Lt. Col. William O. Darby, who led the attack himself.
Read the chapter →Kasserine Pass
William O. Darby in England, August 1942. U.S. Army Signal Corps / U.S. National Archives; via Wikimedia Commons; public domain.
Thelepte and Youks · January–February 1943
XII Air Support Command: the airmen above the pass
Flying P-40s, P-39s, Spitfires and light bombers from mud fields far behind the front, the command flew about 124 aircraft out of Thelepte on 17 February as the Germans approached, and on 22 February flew 114 sorties under low cloud against the Axis advance. In June 1943 the 99th Fighter Squadron, the first Tuskegee Airmen in combat, flew beside it.
Read the chapter →Kasserine Pass
Aircraft of the 31st Fighter Group at Thelepte, 1943. U.S. Air Force; via Wikimedia Commons; public domain.
Kursk · 1943July–August 1943 · New collection
Prokhorovka · 12 July 1943
The 5th Guards Tank Army: the counterattack at Prokhorovka
Brought from the Stavka reserve by three night marches of some 320–390 km, it attacked the II SS Panzer Corps on the morning of 12 July and lost about 53 percent of the 642 tanks and self-propelled guns it committed that day, by Zamulin’s count. It stopped the SS corps short of Prokhorovka, and the next day Hitler ended Citadel.
Soviet infantry and T-34s counterattack on the Voronezh Front, July 1943; date and place uncertain. Russian Ministry of Defence; via Wikimedia Commons; CC BY 4.0.
The Kursk salient · April–July 1943
The Soviet sappers: nearly a million mines
Sappers of the 1st Guards Special-Purpose Engineer Brigade and the sapper battalions sited the trenches and strongpoints of the defensive belts, directed the civilian labor and laid most of the mines. In the battle, mobile obstacle detachments laid new fields in the path of the German armor, often within sight of it.
A Red Army sapper lays an anti-tank mine at night, Orel–Kursk axis, July 1943; probably posed. Kazimir Lishko; via Wikimedia Commons; public domain.
Ponyri and Olkhovatka · 5–11 July 1943
The 13th Army: the northern face held
Under Lt. Gen. Nikolai Pukhov, a former schoolteacher, it was given the narrowest sector and the heaviest reinforcement on the Central Front and took the Ninth Army’s main blow along the Orel–Kursk railway. Its 307th Rifle Division held Ponyri, the strongpoint of the second belt, for six days until it was relieved on 11 July.
A Soviet 45 mm anti-tank gun crew near Ponyri, July 1943. Pavel Troshkin; via Wikimedia Commons; public domain.
Cherkasskoye · 5 July 1943
Lend-Lease armor: American M3s against the Panthers
American-built M3 medium and light tanks of the 245th Tank Regiment, in the 6th Guards Army, met the new Panthers near Cherkasskoye on 5 July. Soviet reports admitted losing up to 17 tanks and German reports claimed 28: one of the very few direct fights between Lend-Lease armor and the Panther.
Lend-Lease M3 Lee tanks move up, July 1943; Commons gives two different units. Russian Ministry of Defence; via Wikimedia Commons; CC BY 4.0.
Over the salient · 5 July 1943
The Il-2 assault regiments and the first PTAB
The Shturmovik crews flew the hardest missions of the battle, low through German flak. Col. Andrei Vitruk’s 291st Assault Aviation Division was the first to drop the PTAB anti-tank bomblet in combat, on 5 July; its claims, like the famous ones for the PTAB, outran the German records.
Il-2 Shturmoviks attack over the Voronezh Front, July 1943 (archive date 1 July). Fyodor Levshin, RIA Novosti archive no. 225; via Wikimedia Commons; CC BY-SA 3.0.
The Orel bulge · July 1943
Groupe de Chasse Normandie: Free French over Orel
The only Western Allied combat unit to fight on the Eastern Front to the end of the war, the later Normandie-Niemen flew Yaks over the Orel bulge from 12 July 1943. In four days of mid-July it lost six pilots, among them its commander, Commandant Jean Tulasne, missing on 17 July.
Maj. A. F. Matisov of the Soviet Air Force with Normandie pilots, 1943. Dmitry Chernov; via Wikimedia Commons; public domain.
Insignia are original illustrations in the period style, not official emblems. The photographs are archival and credited under each image.
Back to the Pacific timeline ↑ · Back to the European timeline ↑ · Read the full Flying Tigers feature →
Sources and method
Built on the official histories.
Dates on the map follow the official service histories. Each full collection cites its facts to the page, shows where sources disagree, and separates the record from later memory.
- U.S. Army Center of Military History, United States Army in World War II (the “Green Books”).
- Historical Branch, U.S. Marine Corps, History of U.S. Marine Corps Operations in World War II, five volumes.
- Samuel Eliot Morison, History of United States Naval Operations in World War II, fifteen volumes.
- W. F. Craven and J. L. Cate, eds., The Army Air Forces in World War II.
- Naval History and Heritage Command and the American Battle Monuments Commission.
- Photographs: U.S. Army Signal Corps, U.S. Navy, U.S. Marine Corps and National Archives images, public domain unless noted. Basemap: Natural Earth, public domain.